Animals have evolved to master the principles of physics, often using them in ways that surprise scientists. Here are ten fascinating ways animals use physics to navigate, hunt and survive in their environments.
Echolocation in bats and dolphins
Bats and dolphins use echolocation for navigation and hunting. By making high-frequency sounds and listening to echoes, they can determine the location, size, and shape of objects around them.
Electroreception in sharks
Sharks have special organs called ampullae of Lorenzini that detect electric fields created by the movement of other animals. This ability helps them find prey even when it is hidden.
Bioluminescence in deep-sea creatures
Many deep-sea animals, such as anglerfish, use bioluminescence to attract prey or mates. The light produced is the result of chemical reactions that convert chemical energy into light energy, a process well understood through the principles of physics.
Polarized vision in mantis shrimps
Mantis shrimps have the most complex visual system known in the animal kingdom, with the ability to see polarized light. This helps them detect prey and communicate with each other in bright coral reefs.
Magnetoreception in birds
Many birds navigate using the Earth's magnetic field. Magnetoreception allows them to sense magnetic fields, helping them migrate long distances.
Hydrodynamics in fish schools
Fish swim in schools to reduce water resistance and save energy. Precise positioning and movement within the school minimizes drag and allows the group to move more efficiently.
Thermoregulation in elephants
Elephants use their large ears to regulate their body temperature. By clapping their ears, they increase blood circulation and increase heat dissipation, this process is explained by the principles of thermodynamics.
Surface tension in water striders
Water shoes can walk on water thanks to surface tension. Water molecules form a "skin" on the surface that is strong enough to support the weight of the insect due to the cohesive forces between the molecules.
Aerodynamics of wings in birds
The shape of the bird's wings is designed to create lift, which is explained by Bernoulli's principle. The difference in air pressure above and below the wing allows birds to fly.
Camouflage and light manipulation
Many animals use camouflage to blend in with their surroundings. This often involves manipulating light through color, patterns and textures to avoid detection by predators.
By understanding and using the incredible ways animals use physics, we can gain a deeper understanding of the natural world and the complex balance of life.
Additional source WBUR EEO
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