The catastrophic eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79 is infamous for burying Pompeii under layers of volcanic ash, preserving it for centuries. However, a new study published in the journal Frontiers in Earth Science reveals a more complex story about the powerful earthquakes that largely contributed to the destruction of ancient Rome cities
A double disaster
Although the volcanic eruption was deadly, it was not the only cause of death and destruction in Pompeii. Researchers led by Domenico Sparise from Italy's National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology found evidence that a powerful earthquake accompanied the eruption, which destroyed buildings and increased the number of casualties in the city.
Disclosure of hidden evidence
The research team focused on an area known as Chaste Lovers Island. This site includes several buildings, such as a bakery and a house with unfinished frescoes, indicating sudden abandonment. Detailed analysis showed that the walls in the area collapsed due to seismic activity, not falling debris from the eruption.
Human victims
Excavations revealed skeletal remains covered in construction debris, with one skeleton showing signs of trying to hide. The pattern of bone fractures and crushing matched those seen in modern earthquake victims, supporting the theory that these people died as a result of earthquake-triggered building collapse.
Viewing Pompeii's chronology
The new findings suggest a revised timetable for Pompeii's destruction: an initial 18-hour rain of volcanic lapilli (small stones) caused roofs to collapse, killing those who sought shelter. After that, a powerful earthquake occurred, which further destroyed the city. Finally, pyroclastic flows decided the fate of Pompeii.
Interdisciplinary approaches
Kevin Dickus, an archaeologist at the University of Oregon, praised the interdisciplinary approach that led to these discoveries. Using knowledge from fields such as architectural studies, data science, and forensic anthropology, researchers can uncover new insights into well-studied sites.
Broader implications
The research methods could help investigate the impact of the Vesuvius eruption on other ancient cities such as Oplontis, Stabiae and Herculaneum, which may also have been affected by the seismic activity. This holistic approach promises to reveal more about the broader effects of the disaster.
Continuation of the study
The research team is expanding its study to other parts of Pompeii, potentially uncovering more cases of earthquake damage that have been incorrectly attributed to volcanic activity. As Dr. Sparis noted, "Pompeii has been the subject of many major volcanological studies, but much remains to be learned about the eruption and its impact on the city and its inhabitants."
Combining archaeological and geological expertise, scientists continue to piece together the multifaceted story of Pompeii's tragic end, providing a deeper understanding of this ancient catastrophe.
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