Every fall, countries around the world turn their clocks back to mark the end of Daylight Saving Time (DST). While the change provides an extra hour of morning light, it could have unintended consequences for wildlife. It has been proven that changes in people's commuting schedules and reduced visibility in the evening increase the number of collisions between vehicles and animals. This article explores why daylight saving time contributes to wildlife accidents, examines which animals are most affected, and highlights the economic and environmental impacts.
The science behind daylight saving time and wildlife accidents
Daylight saving time was originally designed to increase daylight during the workday, but research now shows that it disrupts human and animal behavior. When the clocks are turned back, drivers face twilight on their journey home, which reduces visibility and can increase the chance of vehicle collisions with animals. According to a study published in Current Biology, daylight saving time adjustments correlate with an increase in such accidents, especially for large mammals such as deer and elk.
What animals are most affected?
Deer: Deer are particularly vulnerable at this time due to the breeding season, which peaks in the fall. In North America, state departments report more than 1 million deer-related accidents each year, with a significant spike after summertime.
Moose: Larger animals such as moose are also at greater risk. Their size poses a serious threat to drivers, often leading to fatal accidents. Research from Canada shows an increase in moose collisions with vehicles after the time change.
Small mammals: Smaller species, including rabbits and foxes, are also affected, although they tend to be less noticeable. Although they do not pose a threat to human life, the loss to biodiversity is significant.
Pros and cons of daylight savings time for wildlife and human safety
pluses
Energy Savings: DST saves energy by reducing the need for artificial lighting. However, the benefits vary by country, with studies from Europe showing modest energy reductions.
Improved morning lighting: Additional morning lighting improves human alertness and safety during early morning commutes, reducing accidents early in the day.
Economic boost: Certain businesses, such as retail and tourism, benefit from daylight saving time due to longer evening daylight, which encourages people to spend more time and money outside.
minuses
Increase in evening accidents: As dusk approaches rush hour, many regions experience a spike in animal accidents, costing both lives and millions in property damage.
Effects on wildlife habitats: Sudden changes in human activities can disrupt wildlife habitats and disrupt mating, foraging and migration patterns.
Health Implications: The time shift affects both wildlife and human circadian rhythms, leading to increased stress and health problems in humans and higher mortality rates in animals.
Economic implications and a global perspective
In the United States alone, deer-related accidents cost an estimated $4 billion a year. The economic impact goes beyond auto repairs, affecting health care, insurance premiums and even local wildlife conservation budgets. Countries such as Germany and Sweden have evaluated their daylight savings policies, balancing the benefits with wildlife and human safety concerns.
Veterinarians and wildlife advocates are advocating for solutions to reduce crashes, suggesting measures such as establishing wildlife corridors and changing road lighting. Dr. Amy Schwartz, a wildlife biologist, notes that "small changes to road infrastructure and awareness campaigns can significantly reduce wildlife accidents."
As countries review daylight saving time policies, impacts on wildlife and human safety must remain a priority. Adjustments such as stronger signs during peak animal activity and lower speed limits in high-risk areas can help reduce risks. Reducing the number of vehicle collisions with animals will not only save lives, but also benefit the economy and preserve biodiversity.
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