The 29th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP29) has become a battleground for global climate justice, with talks stretching into the weekend as tensions between rich and developing nations rise. At the heart of the debate is the rich nations’ controversial annual pledge of $250 billion, which falls short of the needs voiced by vulnerable countries that are most affected by the effects of climate change.
COP29 stakes
Developing countries, especially those most affected by rising sea levels, droughts and extreme weather events, argue that the $250 billion pledge does not adequately address the growing losses caused by climate change. Richer countries, on the other hand, highlight the figure as a historic increase and a step towards fulfilling their Paris Agreement pledges.
Key issues:
1. A damage and loss fund:
A key demand from poorer countries is a clear structure for a damage and loss fund. This fund would provide compensation for irreversible climate impacts, such as biodiversity loss or community displacement.
2. Adaptation financing:
Developing countries stress the need for a larger share of funding for adaptation projects, which will allow them to build infrastructure that is resilient to climate shocks.
3. Accountability:
Scepticism remains about whether wealthier countries will deliver on their promises. Previous financial commitments, such as the $100 billion annual target by 2020, have yet to be fully met.
Climate change continues to deepen inequality, and the Global South is bearing the brunt of the crisis, largely caused by industrialized countries. As emissions continue to rise, delaying significant action on financing could widen this gap, jeopardizing collective goals to limit global warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels.
Can COP29 deliver?
The overshoot at COP29 signals the urgency and complexity of addressing the climate finance challenge. While the $250 billion pledge is a step forward, bridging the trust gap between countries is equally important. The conference’s outcomes are likely to set the tone for future global cooperation or conflict on climate issues.
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