Why Delhi faces extreme weather conditions, from heat waves to record rainfall and deadly flash floods

Delhi, the capital of India, is no stranger to extreme weather conditions. The city is experiencing scorching heat followed by record rainfall and devastating flash floods. Understanding the causes of these phenomena can help us better prepare for and mitigate their effects. This article examines the contributing factors and the impact of these weather patterns on Delhi's environment and its residents.

The science behind Delhi's heat waves

Delhi's geographical location plays a significant role in its susceptibility to extreme heat. Located in the northern part of India, the city experiences hot and dry summers, with temperatures often rising above 45°C (113°F). Intense heat waves are mainly caused by the following factors:

Geographical Location: Delhi's location on the Gangetic Plain makes it prone to high temperatures, especially during the summer months.

Urban heat island effect: rapid urbanization has led to the replacement of natural vegetation with concrete structures, which has increased the temperature in the city.

Climate change: Global warming has increased heat waves, making them more frequent and severe.

Record rains and flash floods: growing concern

While heat waves are a major concern, Delhi also faces the problem of record rainfall and flash floods. The monsoon season, which usually lasts from June to September, brings heavy rainfall to the city. However, in recent years these rains have become more unpredictable and intense, leading to devastating flash floods. Causes of this extreme rainfall include:

Climate change: Rising global temperatures have increased the atmosphere's ability to hold moisture, resulting in heavier and longer rains.

Deforestation: The loss of green cover in and around Delhi has reduced the land's ability to absorb water, leading to increased surface runoff and flooding.

Poor urban planning: Inadequate drainage systems and encroachment on natural water bodies have increased the city's vulnerability to flooding.

Impact on Delhi residents and environment

Extreme weather conditions in Delhi have far-reaching consequences for its residents and the environment. Some of the key influences include:

Health Risks: Prolonged exposure to extreme heat can cause heatstroke, dehydration and other health problems. Flash floods can also lead to water-borne illnesses and injuries.

Economic losses: Both heat waves and floods cause significant economic losses, affecting businesses, infrastructure and livelihoods.

Environmental degradation: frequent and intense weather events contribute to soil erosion, loss of biodiversity and pollution of water bodies.

Delhi's extreme weather conditions are a complex interaction of geographical, environmental and anthropogenic factors. Understanding these factors is critical to developing effective mitigation strategies for heat waves, record rainfall and flash floods. By addressing issues like climate change, deforestation and poor urban planning, we can work towards a more resilient and sustainable future for Delhi.