We reveal the secrets of the Vikings: did they hunt walruses in the Arctic?

For centuries, the Vikings have captured our imaginations with their fierce explorations, but recent archaeological finds suggest they may have ventured even deeper into the Arctic than previously thought. This new discovery, revealed through DNA analysis of ancient walruses, points to the existence of large-scale walrus hunting expeditions in remote northern regions. Could this practice have been the basis of the ivory trade in Europe during the Viking Age?

Discovery:

A group of researchers from the Universities of Lund and Copenhagen analyzed the remains of walruses from the North Atlantic. Their research suggests that most of the walrus ivory found in Europe likely comes from extremely remote regions deep in the Arctic, far from the traditional Viking settlements in Greenland.

Peter Jordan, one of the lead researchers, expressed his surprise, saying: "We were amazed to find that most of the walrus ivory traded in Europe comes from such remote hunting grounds." The discovery casts doubt on long-standing assumptions that the Vikings obtained their ivory from areas near their settlements.

Viking expeditions to the Arctic:

Viking voyages have always been characterized by bravery and resilience, but the idea of sailing treacherous waters to hunt walruses pushes the boundaries of what we thought we knew. Greer Jarrett, a researcher on the team, analyzed the sailing routes of the Viking ships, suggesting that these hunts may have been seasonal expeditions using traditional clinker-built ships. Known for their endurance in rough seas, these ships may have allowed the Vikings to survive and thrive in these harsh icy conditions.

Meetings of the indigenous population:

When the Vikings entered these extreme northern areas, they probably came into contact with indigenous peoples, such as the Inuit of the Thule culture, who had long hunted walruses and other marine mammals. This raises questions about the nature of these interactions—were they trading, sharing knowledge, or perhaps competing for resources?

Jordan believes that “there is much more to learn about these clashes. We need to move from a purely Eurocentric view to one that also includes the views of indigenous Arctic communities."

Ivory trade:

Walrus ivory was a valuable commodity in medieval Europe, used for religious artifacts, jewelry, and luxury items. The demand for this rare resource may have prompted the Vikings to make increasingly dangerous voyages to the Arctic. This trade likely played a significant role in the Viking economy, linking them to wider European markets in ways that historians are only beginning to understand.

Why it matters today:

This study changes our understanding of Viking research by pushing the boundaries of where and how far they traveled. It also highlights the importance of Arctic ecosystems, both in ancient history and today, as the effects of climate change increasingly threaten the fragile balance of life in these remote areas.

As we delve deeper into this fascinating chapter of Viking history, we gain new insights into their resilience, interactions with indigenous peoples, and the early development of global trade networks.

What's next?

As researchers continue to study these ancient walrus remains, they are discovering more about the motivations, methods and impact of the Viking expeditions to the Arctic. With each new discovery, the story of the Vikings evolves, revealing a complex web of trade, culture and survival that spanned not only continents but centuries.

To explore this groundbreaking study in detail, visit Archeology Magazine and immerse yourself in the rich history of the Viking expeditions, which continues to intrigue scholars and history enthusiasts.

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