Australia’s lifeline: The submarine cables that connect the nation to the world are under threat

Australia’s connection to the global internet relies on a network of submarine cables, some no thicker than a garden hose. These vital cables carry almost all of the country’s international data, supporting industry, communications and everyday life. But despite their importance, they face significant threats, including natural predators, accidents and deliberate sabotage.

The foundation of connectivity

Underwater cables are the unsung heroes of modern communications. Responsible for carrying more than 95% of global internet traffic, these cables stretch thousands of kilometres along the ocean floor, connecting continents and providing real-time connectivity. For Australia, an island nation with limited land-based links to other countries, these cables are particularly important.

Vulnerable infrastructure

Recent incidents have highlighted the fragility of this infrastructure. Last month, two Baltic Sea cables were mysteriously damaged, sparking global concerns about the security of undersea communications. Australia’s undersea cables are also vulnerable to similar risks, including:

Shark attacks: Although rare, there are documented cases of sharks biting into cables, possibly attracted to electromagnetic fields.

Accidental damage: Fishing trawlers and ship anchors are among the most common causes of cable damage.

Sabotage: Geopolitical tensions have made undersea cables potential targets for espionage and sabotage.

How serious is the threat?

Experts warn that Australia must take these risks seriously. Any cable disruption can disrupt international connectivity, impact financial systems and disrupt daily life. While there are redundancy measures such as multiple cable routes, a coordinated attack or major disaster can still cause prolonged disruption.

What can be done?

To reduce these risks, Australia needs to invest in:

Advanced monitoring: deploying sensors and AI technology to detect potential threats in real time.

International collaboration: working with global partners to secure the shared undersea cable network.

Infrastructure upgrades: improving the durability and security of existing cables to withstand physical and cyber threats.

Shared responsibility

Undersea cables are a global resource and protecting them requires a joint effort. Governments, private companies and international organisations must work together to ensure the resilience of this critical infrastructure.

Australia’s undersea cables are the nation’s lifeline to the world, but they are not invincible. With threats ranging from natural disasters to human intervention, it is crucial to address these vulnerabilities early. By raising awareness and investing in robust solutions, Australia can protect its connection to the global digital network.