Extreme flares on the Sun can be catastrophic for Earth, study results show

Solar flares, sudden bursts of increased brightness on the surface of the Sun, are more than just spectacular celestial phenomena. Recent research suggests that the extreme solar flares expected between 2024 and 2026 could have catastrophic consequences for Earth, affecting our technology-dependent society in unprecedented ways.

What are solar flares?

Solar flares are intense bursts of radiation resulting from the release of magnetic energy on the Sun's surface. They can affect all layers of the solar atmosphere (photosphere, chromosphere and corona), heating the plasma to millions of degrees and accelerating particles to near-light velocities.

Potential impact on Earth

Disruption of communications systems: Solar flares can interfere with satellite signals, affecting GPS, television and radio broadcasts.

Power outages: Geomagnetic storms caused by solar flares can cause electrical currents in power lines, resulting in damaged transformers and widespread blackouts.

Aviation Risks: Elevated levels of radiation pose a significant risk to high-altitude flights and astronauts in space.

Economic consequences: Disruption of technological systems can result in significant economic losses, affecting industries dependent on satellite technology and global communications.

Why 2024-2026?

Solar activity has an approximately 11-year cycle, and scientists predict that the next peak (solar maximum) will occur around 2025. During this period, the likelihood of extreme solar flares increases, potentially leading to more frequent and severe space weather events.

Preparation for flares on the Sun

Strengthening infrastructure: Increasing the resilience of electricity and communications networks can mitigate the impact of solar flares.

Improving Prediction: Improving our ability to predict solar flares can provide critical time to protect vulnerable systems.

Public awareness: Public and industry awareness of the risks associated with solar flares and preparedness measures can reduce potential damage.

As we approach the peak of the solar cycle, understanding and preparing for the effects of extreme solar flares is critical. While the exact timing and severity of these events remain uncertain, preventative measures can help mitigate their potentially catastrophic impact on Earth's technology and infrastructure.