Rare Mosaic Inscription of Emperor Justinian I Discovered in Ulpiana, Kosovo

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A rare and momentous mosaic inscription honoring Byzantine Emperor Justinian I and his wife Theodora has been uncovered at the ancient site of Ulpiana in Kosovo. This exceptional archaeological find offers fresh insights into the emperor's personal connection with Dardania and underscores Ulpiana’s historical significance in Late Antiquity.


Key Findings

1. A Second Inscription—Unveiling Justinian’s Legacy

Archaeologists working at Ulpiana have uncovered a second mosaic dedication to Emperor Justinian I and Empress Theodora. This inscription refers to the construction of an episcopal basilica—one of the few dedications by the imperial couple and only the second of its kind found at the site.

2. Historical Context—From Devastation to Renewal

Ulpiana, situated in the Roman province of Dardania, flourished until it was devastated by an earthquake around 518 CE. Emperor Justinian, who hailed from the region, famously rebuilt the city, renaming it Justiniana Secunda. The first inscription highlighted this restoration, while the new one commemorates religious rebuilding—cementing Justinian’s political and spiritual links to his homeland.

3. Political and Cultural Significance

This Latin mosaic inscription is unique in its political purpose—it underscores not only Justinian’s personal devotion but also a deliberate imperial assertion through the church. Scholars deem the discovery highly significant for understanding regional identity and continuity in Dardania.

4. Preservation Efforts and International Collaboration

Minister of Culture Hajrulla Çeku emphasized the government's unprecedented focus on preserving Kosovo’s archaeological heritage, with newly expropriated lands allowing broader excavations at Ulpiana and Dresnik. Efforts now include conservation planning, academic partnerships, and expanded publications.

Why It Matters

  • Rare primary evidence: Few dedications by Justinian exist, and this mosaic enriches our understanding of his reign and regional origins.
  • Cultural identity: Reinforces the historical identity of Dardania amid broader Byzantine narratives.
  • Heritage preservation: Reflects growing institutional commitment and international support for Kosovo’s archaeological legacy.

    • Conclusion

    The discovery of this mosaic inscription is not merely an archaeological milestone—it is a powerful testament to the enduring connections between empire, faith, and place. As Ulpiana continues to reveal its treasures, its story bridges the grandeur of Justinian’s reign with modern efforts to preserve and celebrate Kosovo’s rich past.

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